¿Es procíclico el comportamiento de las importaciones? Un análisis aplicado para los países de la OCDE

[Resumen] La pregunta que formulamos en este trabajo ha sido una constante en la literatura de la economía internacional. ¿Las importaciones evolucionan de forma acompasada con el ciclo económico? La literatura existente al respecto apoya generalmente este comportamiento, de forma que las importaciones tienden a evolucionar de forma positiva cuando la economía se halla en expansión, mientras que tienden a empeorar su comportamiento si la actividad general de la economía también lo hace. En el presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado estudiaremos la relación entre las importaciones y el ciclo económico para once países de la OCDE con el fin de comprobar si en efecto la relación es procíclica. Para poder llevar a cabo el estudio, en primer lugar realizaremos un recorrido por las principales teorías del comercio internacional desarrolladas a lo largo del tiempo. Seguidamente, nos centraremos en exclusiva en las importaciones y su relación con el crecimiento de la economía y el ciclo económico en general. A partir de ahí, efectuaremos un análisis estadístico compuesto por un estudio descriptivo y otro de análisis de correlación. Como resultado, obtenemos evidencia empírica de que las importaciones siguen un comportamiento procíclico en todos los países de la OCDE que hemos estudiado.[Abstract] The question we ask in this work has been a constant in the literature of the international economy. Do imports evolve in time accordingly with the economic cycle? The existing literature on the subject usually supports this behavior, so imports tend to evolve positively when the economy is expanding, and their behavior tends to worsen if the overall activity of the economy does too. In this Final Project we will study the relationship between imports and the economic cycle of eleven countries of the OECD in order to verify if the relationship is in effect, procyclical. To carry out the study, first we make a review of the main theories of international trade developed over time. Next, we will focus exclusively on imports and their relationship with economic growth and the economic cycle in general. From there, we will make a statistical analysis comprehended by a descriptive study and a correlation analysis. As a result we obtain empirical evidence supporting that imports behave procyclically in all the OECD countries we studied.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ECO). ADE. Curso 2014/201

Fundamento del derecho natural de la persona humana a la educación

1. Human aeducationability» arises from the human mode of being, proper to man: the substantial unity of body and sould.-2. The singular and concrete human being is the person; and its decisive element is its spirituality.-3. Although the human person by its act of existence is complete in its esse, it can acquire a more pedect statum.-4. The perfection of this statum is proper to the faculties that specify the human being; reason and will, which are operative accidents of the soul.- 5. Perfection of these faculties will result in the perfection of the entire human being, since they are operative accidents of the soul; the latter constituting the principie or form through which man is and operates.-6. Virtue, or the habitual capacity to perform good (perfect) acts in the one that perfects the operative capacity of the intellect and the will. Thus, it is not sufficient to perform good isolated acts.-7. Education, which consists in acquiring the statum of human perfection, has virtue as its final end.-8. The end of education. which is virtue -both moral and intellectual- cannot be attained without the exercise of the specifically human faculties, and it affects these directly. It is possible to say that hetero-education -pedection or education through the perfecive influence of others must give way to self education- perfection achieved progressively by and intentional action over oneself.-9. The educational requirel is not strictly ontological, that is, education does not constitute the human being. The noneducated human being is complete in its esse or 'fr8ture'. However, it is a requiral derived inmmediately from its esse, or what is the same, its nature, inasmuch as the latter demands of the human being that it adjust its operations to what is properly constituent of its essence: the being of a rational animal.-10. Thus, for the human person, education consists of a moral duty, since the moral law obliges man to educate himself and to be more pedect as a human being. This obligation is understood and acted upon rationally and therefore, Freely.-11. This ethical obligation is not only proper to the singular human being, but also to other persons and societies -mainly the family, the Church, and subsidiarilly, the 8tate- because man is by nature a social being.- 12. Education is not only a subjective right and duty; it constitutes an objective right and duty from the point of view of Naural Law and natural rights to which the positive juridical order must adjust itself, recognizing and guaranteeing this right. Besides, in order to bring to its utmost fulfillment the right to an education, objective realities are necessary. That is, only if absolute truth and goodness which have God as their root and foundation are taken into consideration, will it be possible to educate man.-13. The right to an education has, then, certain fundamental characteristics: a) It is of the utmost personal character because without the express will of the person it cannot be exercised. b) It is social, beeause the person is always in need of the edueational influence of other human beings. e) It is objective, beeause justice eannot be made without absolute truth and goodness.-14. The fulfillment of justiee, which is the end of the law, demands the edueation of the human person, sinca the educational right and duty is one whieh directly derives from the proper nature of mano Thus, edueation is that whieh corresponds to man as man in order to reach the perfeet human statum

Las ventajas y desventajas que el vínculo multiempresa y la red de cooperación empresarial internacional presentan para la PYME

El objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer las ventajas y desventajas que el vínculo multiempresa y la red de cooperación empresarial internacional presentan a la PYME. El vínculo multiempresa permite que la empresa participe en mercados extranjeros al insertarse en una red internacional y, a su vez, propicie el desarrollo local. Para lograr dicho objetivo se analizan cinco casos resaltando en cada uno de ellos las ventajas y desventajas que el vínculo multiempresa ofrece y la forma en que lo aprovechan las empresas involucradas.The aim of this article is to show the advantages and disadvantages that multienterprise tie and networks of enterprise cooperation offer to small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs). Multi-enterprise tie may contribute to SMEs' participate in international markets and to contribute to local development. In this article five enterprise cases are analyzed. Each case demonstrated the advantage and disadvantages of multi-enterprise tie and the way that SMEs took advantage of them

Evolución de la cooperación entre las pequeñas empresas en el sector del calzado como respuesta a las cadenas globales de valor y a la reducción de costes

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar los vínculos de cooperación que las empresas de menor tamaño productoras de calzado establecen como respuesta a las cadenas globales de valor y a la presión para la reducción de costes. Para ello, se analizan los datos estadísticos generados por los gobiernos, así como, los datos obtenidos de 81 empresas participantes en el programa Al-Invest. El principal resultado es que la cooperación permite sostener el desarrollo local y la generación de valor desde el núcleo familiar. La conclusión es que la internacionalización de las empresas tiene impacto positivo en la localidad cuando el mecanismo de cooperación se mantiene, aún en economías de baja renta y con obstáculos para la innovación tecnológica

Decolonizar el saber,un reto curricular en América latina

166 p. Recurso ElectrónicoEl presente trabajo es el resultado de una investigacion que pretendio reflexionar sobre los retos curriculares que debe asumir la educacion en America Latina en busca de la dignificacion de la vida de sus pueblos y de la reconstrucción colectiva de memoria. Pensar la educacion en America Latina implica deconstruir la historia para resignificar la vida y asi encontrar rutas epistemologicas que nos permitan pensarnos y biografiarnos como pueblos abatidos por la violencia y la desigualdad capaces de construir proyectos de vida solidarios. La investigación tuvo como lineamientos metodológicos la investigación bibliográfica y documental, privilegiando en esta los principios fundamentales de la hermeneutica, por ser la interpretación el eje fundamental para enfrentarse a los postulados teóricos. Como resultado la investigación propuso diversas orientaciones y metodologias para la contruccion de curriculos pensados desde la decolonizacion del saber que respondan a las necesidades sociales, culturales, economicas y politicas de los pueblos que habitan nuestros territorios.This paper is the result of a research aimed at reflecting on curricular challenges that education in Latin America should assume to pursue dignity for their people and collectively reconstruct memory. Thinking of education in Latin America involves deconstructing history to give life a new meaning and thus find epistemological paths that allow us thinking of ourselves and writing our history as towns downed by violence and inequality, but able to construct solidarity-related life projects. Bibliographic and documentary research comprises the methodological guidelines, which this research is based on. It privileges the core principles of hermeneutics, as they are the main focus to face hypotheses. Consequently, the research proposes several guidelines and methodologies to construct curricula designed from the decolonization of knowledge that might respond to social, cultural, economic, and political needs of people living in our territories. Keywords: curriculum, Latin America, decolonization, territory, otherness

La modernidad y la posmodernidad como marco de referencia del objeto como arte

En este texto se muestran los puntos de mediación así como los desencuentros entre la modernidad y la posmodernidad dentro de la esfera estética. Este planteamiento es necesario para vislumbrar la relación que el arte y la publicidad materializan en Absolut Art Collection. Armonizar el diálogo entre el enunciado comercial de una marca y su ejecución no sólo en instancias artísticas, sino la consolidación de una estructura formal en el terreno del arte, exige la contextualización de esta plataforma como eje rector del documento. Es decir, las nuevas consideraciones en el escenario artístico nacen en la creación de un espacio de significado entre la modernidad y la posmodernidad, el cual conlleva elementos teóricos y prácticos gestados en la reflexión de cambios estéticos

Fuentes de información para el estudio de la fotografía en Castilla y León

Actas de las Segundas Jornadas Imagen, Cultura y Tecnología celebradas entre el 1 y el 3 de julio de 2003 en la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPublicad

La reproducción fotográfica como fuente para la investigación histórico-artística

Actas de las Primeras Jornadas Imagen, Cultura y Tecnología celebradas del 1 al 5 de julio de 2002 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madri

FIB-SEM tomography in catalysis and electrochemistry

[EN] Tomographic imaging methods have been incorporated, mostly from other scientific disciplines, into catalysis research. They are invaluable tools for the structural diagnostics of solid catalyst and electrode materials, which uniquely provide information on notions of spatial character which remain out of reach for conventional singleprojection, i.e. 2D, microscopy methods. Focused-Ion-Beam Scanning-Electron-Microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography is a destructive, slicing-type tomographic method which offers spatial resolutions down to few nm for inspection volumes up to several tens of mu m across. As such, it has attracted a significant deal of attention as a means to study mesoscale features and macropore networks in catalytic materials. In this review, we first provide a succinct account on the recent technical developments in dual-beam technologies and discuss their implications for tomographic imaging experiments. Next, an exemplary experimental workflow for FIB-SEM experiments is discussed, with emphasis on technical aspects which concern specifically work with highly porous, electrically insulating catalyst materials. Contributions of FIB-SEM tomography to the quantification of mass transportrelevant topological parameters in porous catalysts, and multiple-phase boundaries of significance for concomitant mass and charge transport phenomena in electrode materials are surveyed. The application of FIBSEM tomography for the analysis and rational development of materials in catalysis and electrochemistry has seen a fast surge over the last decade. It promises to continue consolidating as an important diagnostic tool for meso- and nano-spatial structural features, e.g. in multi-functional composite catalyst materials, wherein the relative spatial location of different sub-materials/functionalities are determinant for performance.Authors acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC-2019-COG 864195, TANDEng) . Staff members at the Electron Microscopy Service unit of the UPV are gratefully acknowledged for equipment maintenance and technical assistance.Ródenas Torralba, T.; Prieto González, G. (2022). FIB-SEM tomography in catalysis and electrochemistry. Catalysis Today. 405:2-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2022.09.01321340

Coastal landscape management in mexican tourist regions: Punta de Mita case in Bahía de Banderas, Nayarit

This article analyzes the process of coastal landscape management in the Mexican tourist region from the transformation of the landscape of Punta de Mita. This peninsula is part of the interstate metropolitan zone of Puerto Vallarta - Bahía de Banderas, located between the State of Jalisco and State of Nayarit. It is one of three coastal metropolitan zones of Mexico. This research has a qualitative approach and adopts the concept of the landscape defined by the European Landscape Convention as “any part of the territory, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors” (Council of Europe, 2000). The units of analysis were the peninsular zone of Punta de Mita and the actors who participated in their transformation. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews with key informants selected using the snowball technique, qualitative observation, review of official documentary sources (plans, projects, reports) as well as historiographical and aerial photographs. The identification of the participation of each type of actor is highlighted in the transformation of the landscape: the State provides the land and enables for tourism investment; economic actors take ownership and monetize their aesthetic values; social actors are deprived of the use and enjoyment of the landscape. The symbols printed on the territory are mainly touristic and, in the second instance, natural whose conservation represents a point of agreement between the state and the residents